High-speed supernova reveals earliest moments of a dying star

High-speed supernova reveals the earliest moments of a dying star

An international team of scientists, including astronomers from universities of Leicester, Bath, and Warwick, have found evidence for the existence of a 'hot cocoon' of materials covering a relative jet that avoids a dying star.

 This research has been published today (Wednesday, January 16th) online and in Natural Print yesterday (Thursday 17 January).

A relative jet is a very powerful phenomenon in which plasma jets emanating from the black hole near the speed of light, and can extend millions of light years.

Shortly after its start, the observation of supernova SN2017iuk showed it at a third of the speed of light while expanding it rapidly. This is the fastest supernova expansion measured to date.

 During several weeks, monitoring of outflow revealed an obvious difference between the initial chemical structure and later time.

Taken together, these are indicators of the presence of a very coveted hot cocoon, fill a gap in our knowledge of how a jet of material avoiding a star interacts with a stellar envelope around it and two of the supernovas Provides a potential link between different sections of.

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Supernova indicates the death of a huge star, in which the stellar core collapses and the outer layers are vandalized. SN2017iuk comes under a category of excessive supernovas, sometimes called hypernova or GRB-SNe, which is known as a more dramatic phenomenon as well as gamma-ray burst (GRB).

At the time of stellar death, a highly relative, narrow ray of material can be extracted from the stars' poles, which first shines in gamma radiation and then known in the whole electromagnetic spectrum and as GRB.

So far, astronomers have been unable to study early moments in the development of such a supernova (a GRB-SN), but the SN 2017 IU, fortunately, was about 500 million light-years of the earth- and GRB- near light underlined Was that the SN itself was able to find out in the initial times.

Dr. Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy University at Leicester University Rana Starling said: "It seemed like an incident that was immediately followed because it was speaking in a cosmological way on very proximity in a grand-design spiral galaxy.

"When the first set of data came, there was an unusual component for light which looked very blue, inspiring a surveillance campaign to see if we can follow the development and determine its origins with detailed spectra.

"The gamma-ray burst seemed very weak in itself, so we could see other processes that were operating around the newly formed jet which usually drown out. 

The idea of the cocoon of thermal gas created by relativist jet That comes out. The star was proposed and implied in other cases, but there was such evidence that we needed to reduce the existence of such structure "

In 30 days and on several wavelengths, a coordinated approach was needed using surveillance of observations based on space and ground to monitor Supernova. 

This incident was first detected using the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Swift is a NASA Space mission in which Leicester University is one of three partners, and hosts its UK Data Center.

Data obtained with the Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observatory (GOTO) helped track supernovae light, while Spectroscopy was achieved through dedicated observation programs, which included STARGATE cooperation under the chairmanship of Professor Niall Tanveer at Leicester University. , Which uses 8-10 Meter binoculars in European Southern Observatory

Professor Tanveer, a lecturer in physics and astronomy at the University of Leicester, said: "The relativist jumps out through the jet star as if it was a pill that was removed from the inside of an apple, which we have seen for the first time. Get out after pill. "

Approximate speed of 115,000 km per second for the supernova extension was measured for approximately one hour of its launch. 

Comparison with more iron-rich subsequent eviction, a different chemical structure was found for the initial expansion supernova. The team concluded that Ezekiel is coming from the interior only a few hours after the start, with a hot cocoon made by jet.

Existing supernova production models proved insufficient in the account for large volumes of high-velocity material. The team developed new models which included the cocoon component and found that it was an excellent match.

SN2017iuk also provides a long-sought link between supernova that comes with GRB, and those who do not: In the supernova alone, high-speed outflow has also been observed, which is 50,000 kilometers per velocity Seconds, which can occur in the same cocoon scenario, but avoiding the relative GRB jet is somehow in vain failure.

Without GRB core-fall supernovas are usually found very later after their start, allowing scientists to get a very low chance of detecting any sign of a hot cocoon, while the features of Cocoon But hidden by the bright, relative jet.

The rare case of SN2017iuk has opened a window in the early stages of this type of supernova phenomenon, by which the elusive cocoon structure can be seen.