Cosmic telescope zooms in on the beginning of time

Cosmic telescope zooms in on the beginning of time

This is a Hubble Space Telescope image of a very distant quasar (at right) that has been brightened and split into three images by the effects of the gravitational field of a foreground galaxy (left). The crosses mark the centers of each quasar image. The quasar would have gone undetected if not for the power of gravitational lensing, which boosted its brightness by a factor of 50. The gravitational field of the foreground galaxy (seen at left) warps space like a funhouse mirror, amplifying the quasar's light. Shining with the brilliance of 600 trillion suns, the quasar is fueled by a supermassive black hole at the heart of a young galaxy in the process of forming. The image shows the quasar as it looked 12.8 billion years ago - only about 1 billion years after the big bang. The quasar appears red because its blue light has been absorbed by diffuse gas in intergalactic space. By comparison, the foreground galaxy has bluer starlight light. The quasar, cataloged as J043947.08+163415.7 (J0439+1634 for short), could hold the record of being the brightest in the early universe for some time, making it a unique object for follow-up studies.

Credit: NASA, ESA, Xiaohui Fan (University of Arizona)Observations of the Gemini Observatory identify a major fingerprint of a very remote quasar, allowing astronomers to get a sample of light emitted from the morning of time.

 Gemini's observations provide important pieces of the puzzle to confirm this object, because it is the fastest-looking quasar in the history of the universe, hoping that more such sources will be found.

Before the universe reached its billionth birthday, a long journey started through the universe, expanding some of the first cosmic light. 

A special ray of light, from an energetic source, called quasar, passes through an interference galaxy seriously, whose gravity bends and increases the light of cancer and reflects it in our direction, Allowing binoculars such as Jackson North to examine quasar in a big way.

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"If it were not for this temporary cosmic telescope, then the light of quasars would appear almost 50 times darker," said Xiaoui Fan of Arizona University, who led the study. "This discovery shows that the quasars with gravitational lenses are present in spite of the fact that we have been looking for more than 20 years and by this time no other has been found."

Gemini observations provided major pieces of the puzzle by filling an important hole in the data. On Maunakea, Harry, Gemini North Telescope used Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) to disintegrate an important swath of the infrared part of the spectrum of light.

 Gemini data contained magnesium's tail-tail signature, which is important for determining how long we are looking back in time. Gemini observations determine the mass of black holes that give power to the quasar. 

University of Feige Wang said, "When we added Gemini data with an observation of many observatories on Mongolia, the Hubble Space Telescope and other observatories around the world, we were able to paint a complete picture of quasars and international galaxies," The University of Fiji Wang said that Santa Barbara of California, a member of the search team.

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That picture shows that Quasar is located very far behind in time and place - sometime later known as the era - when the light came out for the first time from the Big Bang.

 Another member of the Discovery team, Genie Yang of the University of Arizona said, "This is one of the first sources emerging from the dark ages of the universe." "Earlier, no stars, quasars or galaxies were formed, unless such objects were seen like candles in the dark."

The foreground galaxy that raises our thinking about Caesar is particularly dim, which is extremely fortunate. 

"If this galaxy was very bright, we could not separate it from the quasar," Fan said, this discovery will change the way the astronomers look for future quadrangle lenses and the number of lenses can increase significantly is. 

Quasar's search, However, as Fan suggested, "We do not expect to find many quasars from this one in the whole supervised universe."

The intense gloss of quasar, known as J0439 + 1634 (briefly J0439 + 1634), also suggests that it is fueled by a supermassive black hole in the heart of a young galaxy. 

The widespread presence of magnesium fingerprint captured by Gemini also allowed astronomers to measure the mass of the massive black hole of the Kaiser 700 million times compared to the Sun. 

The supermassive black hole is surrounded by a large flattened disk of dust and gas. This edge of matter - known as an accretion disk - is the most likely constant spiral to feed the black hole powerhouse.

 Observation over the submillimeter wavelength with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope at Maunakea shows that the black hole is not only increasing the gas but can trigger star birth at a singular rate - which appears up to 10,000 stars per year; By comparison, our Milky Way Galaxy makes a star every year. However, due to the increased effect of gravity lensing, the actual rate of star formation can be very low.

Quasars are extremely energetic sources operated by huge black holes which are considered in the very first galaxies to be created in the universe. 

Due to their shine and distance, Quasars provide a unique glimpse into the early Universe's conditions. 

This quasar has a redshift of 6.51, which translates to a distance of 12.8 billion light-years, and appears to be glazed with the combined light of approximately 600 trillion suns enhanced by gravity lensing magnification. 

The forwarding galaxy that bites the light of quasar, it is about half a billion light years away from us.

Fan team selected J0439 + 1634 as a very distant quasar candidate based on optical data from many sources: Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 (Pan-StarRS 1, University of Astronomy for Astronomy Institute Operated), United Kingdom Infra; -Red Telescope Hemisphere Survey (held at Maunakea, Hawai'i), and NASA's Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Space Telescope archive.

The first follow-up spectroscopic observations in the multi-mirror telescope in Arizona confirmed the object in the form of a high redshift quasar. 

Subsequent observations with Gemini North and the Keek I telescope in Gemini followed the confirmation of MMT and led to the investigation of Jamini's important magnesium fingerprint - the key to ending the great distance of the Kaiser. 

However, the foreground lensing galaxies and quasars are so close that it is impossible to separate them with the images taken from the ground due to the dimensions of Earth's atmosphere.

 These extremely sharp images came with the Hubble Space Telescope to reveal that the image of Caesars is divided into three components by a malignant lensing galaxy.

Quasar is ripe for future checks. Astronomers have planned to use Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array and ultimately NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to see the black hole within 150 light years, and directly impact the effect of gravity from the black hole in gas motion and star formation. 

Can find out. The area around it J0439 + 1634 Any future discoveries of faraway quarries will continue to teach astronomers about the growth of the chemical environment and the massive black hole in our early universe.